Capitol Broadcasting Company's 2022 DEIB Council has been hard at work creating resources to educate our employees on the significance of Juneteenth, featuring the historic Oberlin Village. WRAL-TV Sports Plus Executive Producer Louis Fernandez and Council Co-Chair MCC Director Business Development Christian Adams assisted with creating a video interview with Grady Bussey, Director of the John Chavis Community Center. WRAL-TV Multiplatform Producer Heather Leah wrote this accompanying piece about the history of Raleigh's Freedmen's Villages which the Council also shared on WRAL.com:
First days of freedom: Thousands freed from slavery in Raleigh built the first Freedmen's Villages Full of modern day coffee shops, trendy restaurants and boutiques, it may be hard to imagine a time when downtown Raleigh was instead full of sprawling fields, plantation houses - and hundreds of enslaved individuals.
Instead of busy roads and breweries, much of what now comprises downtown was rural - including plantations like Spring Hill, Mordecai, Lane, Devereux, Haywood, Cameron and others.
Will's Forest (or Devereux) Mansion, built in 1840
When emancipation finally came to Raleigh, thousands of suddenly freed men and women flooded from those plantations and into the surrounding city. Most had no money, no homes, no formal education. There were no churches, schools or medical facilities to serve the once-enslaved population. How did a generation of freed families build a life for themselves from nothing?
African-Americans, after slavery, decided to get together and build, brick-by-brick, a community and a sense of ownership that allowed them to thrive, says Grady Bussey, center director for the John Chavis Memorial Park.
Within a generation of freedom, the African American community in Raleigh had built multiple neighborhoods known as Freedmen's Villages. There were thriving businesses, government leaders, universities, hospitals and churches.
What happened to Raleigh's 13 Freedman Villages?
Juneteenth in Raleigh: The early days of emancipation Imagine the first moment of freedom: What is the first thing enslaved men and women in Raleigh did upon learning they were free?
Raleigh historians say some likely walked off the plantation, simply because they could. Many likely celebrated, while others were in shock.
Think of someone walking up to you and saying everything you've known your whole life has just changed, says Bussey. You are a full person. You are a descendent now. You have a full name now. You have the ability and rights to do things you didn't have yesterday.
Rose, Ned, Nancy: The lost names and stories of Raleigh's enslaved community
Bussey asks, How do people learn how to become someone new overnight?
He says some, who likely struggled with the sudden change, stayed on the plantations they'd always known and began working as sharecroppers. Others, who had seen family members sold to plantations far away, began planning long journeys to find their lost loved ones.
Some, however, began the communal work of building their new homes in freedom establishing Freedmen's Villages like Oberlin Village and 12 other neighborhoods in the east and south parts of Raleigh. Even today, some of that historic segregation can be seen in the history of southeast Raleigh.
The Duncan Cameron plantation. Image courtesy of the State Archives of North Carolina.
Freedmen's Villages: Building a community from the ground up The land that now comprises the Village District (formerly Cameron Village) was once an antebellum plantation owned by Duncan Cameron. Cameron is known to have had one of the largest holdings of enslaved people in the state. His plantation mansion is long gone today, but an archival photo provides a glimpse into how the area once looked.
Plantations were self-sustaining, said Bussey. They had shops and cemeteries, gathering places for church.
When hundreds of people were suddenly free to leave Cameron's plantation, they had to figure out how to make money and how to find land for a home.
Oberlin Village was built upon land subdivided from white landowners and sold to newly-freed African Americans, according to research done by Ruth Little for the Historic Research Report for the Designation of Oberlin Village.
White merchant and entrepreneur Lewis W. Peck is the earliest known landowner to sell lots to African Americans, she wrote.
The villages were given several derogatory names by the surrounding public: Names like Save-Rent' or Slab Town' to invoke a sense of cheapness.' Eventually, however, the community would take on the name Oberlin Village.
Oberlin Village: A community built by people freed from slavery in Raleigh
James Harris is often associated with the name Oberlin. One of the leading Black politicians in Wake County, he was born in Granville County while still enslaved. He earned his freedom and traveled to Ohio, where he studied at Oberlin College, then moved around assisting people in escaping slavery. Oberlin College was an abolitionist college that not only accepted Black students, but allowed them to come on campus and matriculate.
For a community of newly-freed slaves, the name Oberlin would have represented the freedom to gain education and build a life of their own - to be uplifted.
During the 1870s, Oberlin's pioneers established essential institutions for an independent community - two churches, a cemetery and a school, wrote Little.
Many of Oberlin Village's residents throughout the generations became leaders in the community. James Shepard, for example, founded the college that would become North Carolina Central University. Joe Holt was the first Black student to challenge school segregation in Raleigh after Brown vs. the Board of Education.
Just down the road,
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Capitol Broadcasting Company's 2022 DEIB Council has been hard at work creating resources to educate our employees on the significance of Juneteenth, featuring the historic Oberlin Village. WRAL-TV Sports Plus Executive Producer Louis Fernandez and Council Co-Chair MCC Director Business Development Christian Adams assisted with creating a video interview with Grady Bussey, Director of the John Chavis Community Center. WRAL-TV Multiplatform Producer Heather Leah wrote this accompanying piece about the history of Raleigh's Freedmen's Villages which the Council also shared on WRAL.com:
